Efficacy of 30/70 insulin in dogs with diabetes in Mumbai, assessed with CGM

EFFICACY OF TWICE DAILY PREMIXED INSULIN (30% REGULAR AND 70% NPH) IN NEWLY

DIAGNOSED DIABETIC DOGS ASSESSED USING FLASH GLUCOSE MONITORING (FGM)

Dr Chandrakant Galdhar, Mohit Dadheech, Jaydeep Kawade and R. V. Gaikwad

Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Mumbai Veterinary College (Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur), Parel- Mumbai

Background: Canine diabetes mellitus requires long-term insulin therapy and regular glucose monitoring.

Aim: The present study evaluated the efficacy of twice-daily premixed insulin (30% regular and 70% neutral protamine Hagedorn; NPH) in newly detected diabetic dogs monitored with a flash glucose monitoring (FGM) system.

Methods: Eight (n=8) newly detected diabetic dogs were administered premixed insulin subcutaneously @ 0.5 IU/kg body weight twice daily. The FGM system was applied to each dog in the dorsal thoracic region, with continuous glucose monitoring conducted over 14 days to assess insulin response. Serum fructosamine was measured using an automated analyser, thyroid hormones and cortisol by RIA, and insulin by canine ELISA.

Results: Prior to insulin therapy, dogs exhibited polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, lethargy, and occasional vomiting. Following therapy, clinical signs improved markedly, with reduced polyuria and polydipsia, normalised appetite, increased activity, improved body condition score, and stabilised body weight. Mean blood glucose (mg/dL) significantly decreased from 464.80 ± 134.71 to 193.40 ± 14.35, while mean serum fructosamine (µmol/L) declined significantly from 542.00 ± 73.61 to 360.80 ± 39.76. Mean serum insulin (ng/mL) showed a significant increase from 2.75 ± 1.26 to 4.30 ± 1.45. Mean TT3 (nmol/L), TT4 (nmol/L), fT4 (pmol/L), and serum cortisol (nmol/L) concentrations showed mild non-significant increases following insulin therapy.

Conclusions: The present study concluded that twice-daily premixed insulin (30% regular and 70% NPH) improved clinical signs, glycaemic control and hormonal restoration in newly diagnosed diabetic dogs. The FGM system proved a reliable, minimally invasive tool for continuous glucose monitoring, enabling accurate assessment of insulin response.